Nyob rau hauv daim teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab tshuaj lom neeg engineering, pvp rau luv luv) yog cov kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj kev nyiam ua tau zoo heev. Nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb lub cev tsis txiav txim siab nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam, tab sis kuj txhawb kev tsim tawm tshiab hauv kev lag luam ntsig txog kev lag luam. Los ntawm cov chaw tsim tshuaj paus rau tshuaj pleev ib ce, los ntawm kev ua zaub mov noj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, PVP yog txhua qhov chaw thiab ua si ib qho chaw IRREplaces. Kab lus no yuav tshawb txog cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm PVP hauv qhov tob, muab cov lus qhia kom ntxaws thiab cov kws tshawb fawb ntsig txog.
Tsos thiab morphology ntawm pvp
Nyob rau hauv ib txwm mob, pvp feem ntau tshwm li dawb, milky dawb lossis me ntsis daj cov hmoov hmoov. Nws muaj kev raug nplua, yog hydrophilic, thiab muaj fluidity zoo. Cov tsos no tso cai rau nws yooj yim dispersed tusyees nrog lwm cov tshuaj thaum sib xyaw thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev npaj cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, PvP hmoov tuaj yeem sib xyaw sai heev nrog rau lwm cov khoom xyaw kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov thiab kev sib txuam ntawm cov khoom lag luam zoo. Nws yog tsim nyog teev tias cov tsos ntawm PVP yuav txawv me ntsis vim yog cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, kev coj dawb huv, thiab ntxiv. Tab sis nyob rau hauv dav dav, dawb rau lub teeb daj amorphous hmoov yog nws cov tsos feem ntau, thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom lag luam PVP zoo.
PVP muaj solubility zoo heev, uas yog ib qho ntawm nws cov khoom siv lub cev zoo tshaj plaws. Nws yog heev soluble hauv dej thiab tuaj yeem tau nrawm nrawm hauv dej los ua cov tshuaj ruaj khov.Polyvinyl pyrrolidone Pvptuaj yeem qhia kev lom zem thiab dej kub, uas ua rau nws muaj cov dej cawv, xws li ethanol, is copropanol), amines, nitroalalkanes thiab tsawg-molecular fatty acids. Qhov dav dav no ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm sib txawv rau cov kev xav tau sib txawv thiab muab qhov ua tau rau nws cov ntawv thov hauv cov tshuab ntau yam. Piv txwv li, hauv qee cov tshuaj lossis txheej txheej ua haujlwm uas xav tau cov tshuaj organic ua cov nqa khoom, PVP muaj peev xwm sib xyaw nrog cov kuab tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab thiab ua si nws lub luag haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv ntse sib piv, PvP yog insoluble nyob rau hauv ob peb cov kuab tshuaj xws li acetone, ether, turpentine, alicclic hydrocarbons thiab alicyclic hydrocarbons. Qhov sib txawv no hauv solubility tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev sib cais, huv thiab tsim cov kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm pvp hauv kev siv cov kev siv. Piv txwv li, hauv qee cov txheej txheem kev siv tshuaj yeeb yam, cov insolubility ntawm pvp hauv acetone tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm cov khoom tsis huv nrog acetone, li kev txhim kho lub purity ntawm pvp. Txhawm rau kom paub meej meej rau solubility ntawm PvP, cov hauv qab no yog qhov yooj yim solubility duas cov ntaub ntawv lub rooj:
| KOUNTENEN HOM | So |
| Ywg dej | Heev soluble |
| Ethanol | Yooj yim soluble |
| CLoroform | Yooj yim soluble |
| Acetone | Insoluble |
| Euav | Insoluble |
Ceev, melting point, boiling taw tes thiab nyem taw tes ntawm PvP
Qhov ntom ntawm PVP yog 1.144g \/ uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov sib xyaw kom sib xyaw thaum nws sib xyaw nrog lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv qee qhov kev lag luam uas muaj cov khoom ntim nruj ntawm cov khoom ntim cov khoom lag luam, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rau cov khoom lag luam uas kawg tau ua tau raws cov qauv. Lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm PVP yog 130 degree, lub boiling point yog 217.6 Degree, thiab Flash lub ntsiab yog 93.9 degree. Cov thermal ua tsis tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb qhia tseem ceeb rau daim ntawv thov pvp hauv cov pa taws sib txawv. Thaum lub sij hawm ua, nkag siab txog lub suab me me thiab npau taws rau pvp decomposition lossis kev ua tau zoo raws li qhov kub ntau dhau. Piv txwv li, thaum npaj pvp-raws li cov nplaum kub kub yaj, qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum tau tswj kom ntseeg tau qhov zoo thiab ua tau zoo ntawm lub kub yaj. Lub hav zoov ntawm Flash taw tes qhia tias thaum khaws thiab siv PVP, nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom zam cov chaw tua hluav taws kom tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo hluav taws.
Hygroscopicity thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm pvp
PVP muaj kev hygroscopicity muaj zog thiab tuaj yeem nqus cov dej noo los ntawm huab cua. Cov cuab yeej no muaj qhov tseem ceeb nyob hauv qee qhov kev thov cov xwm txheej. Piv txwv li, hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab cov zaub mov ua lag luam, PVP tuaj yeem siv los ua cov neeg ua haujlwm tau pab cov khoom lag luam noo noo, lub neej ntev thiab txhim kho cov nyhuv siv. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau qee thaj chaw uas rhiab rau ya raws, xws li cov ntaub ntawv kho hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo los ntawm kev nqus dej noo. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab lub zog, cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm PVP yog qhov ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem tswj nws lub cev siv zog thiab tshuaj tsis hloov mus ntev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias PVP yuav tsum zam kev sib cuag nrog lub teeb, qhib qhov xwm txheej yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis cuam tshuam rau ntawm PVP, yog li cuam tshuam rau nws cov kev ua tau zoo. Piv txwv li, thaum khaws cov khoom siv PvP, pov thawj, txias thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab muaj kev pom zoo kom muaj qhov zoo.
Viscosity Cov yam ntxwv ntawm PvP
PVP tau muab faib ua plaub qib raws li nws qhov hnyav molecular, uas feem ntau qhia ua K muaj nuj nqis. Lub nqi K muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog tus txheeb ze viscosity ntawm PVP aqueous daws. Feem ntau, cov loj dua tus nqi k, ntau dua cov viscosity thiab muaj zog ntawm cov nplaum. Tus yam ntxwv viscosity no ua rau PVP muaj ntau yam kev siv nyob rau ntau qhov kev lag luam. Hauv kev lag luam kws tshuaj, qib siab-viscosity pvp (xws li hom nrog cov ntawv loj dua) tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv kiab ua ke kom ntseeg tau tias cov ntsiav tshuaj. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce, pvp nrog viscosities txawv tuaj yeem siv los kho cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, hauv tshuaj tsuag plaub hau, pvp nrog viscosity uas tsim nyog tuaj yeem muab cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo thiab cov qauv ua yeeb yam zoo; Nyob rau hauv lotions thiab cream, pvp tuaj yeem kho cov khoom sib dhos ntawm cov khoom kom nws smoother thov. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm PVP thiab K tus nqi, cov hauv qab no yog qhov tseeb varcosity yuav txawv me ntsis vim yog cov qauv xeem thiab cov xwm txheej):
| K muaj nuj nqis | Kwv yees viscosity ntau (MpaMau) |
| K12 | Tsawg, hais txog 1 - 5 |
| K30 | Nruab nrab, txog 5 - 20 |
| K90 | Siab, txog 50 - 150 |
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone PvpTau qhia cov ntaub ntawv zoo kawg nkaus muaj peev xwm nyob hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam vim nws cov khoom sib txawv thiab ntau yam. Los ntawm cov tsos mus rau solubility, los ntawm cov khoom cua sov xws li ntom ntom thiab melting taw tes rau hygroscopicity, txhua lub cev nteg rau lub hauv paus rau nws cov ntawv thov hauv ntau daim teb. Nrog kev nce qib nruam ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev tshawb nrhiav txuas ntxiv ntawm cov khoom lag luam lub cev, ntsuas kev txhawb nqa lub cev ntxiv thiab tsim kho cov kev lag luam tshiab. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho cov khoom lag luam zoo, txhim kho cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, lossis tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab thiab coj cov hauv kev lag luam tshiab thiab hloov pauv mus rau kev lag luam.